{"id":93996,"date":"2026-04-30T07:48:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T08:48:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/?p=93996"},"modified":"2026-04-30T08:18:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T09:18:13","slug":"no-son-camaras-de-eco-son-camaras-de-conflicto-por-que-nos-polarizan-las-redes-sociales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/no-son-camaras-de-eco-son-camaras-de-conflicto-por-que-nos-polarizan-las-redes-sociales\/","title":{"rendered":"No son c\u00e1maras de eco, son c\u00e1maras de conflicto: \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 nos polarizan las redes sociales?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/panos-sakalakis-GaUF0znKwfA-unsplash-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;\" 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data-wpml=\"language-item\"><div><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" data-wpml=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/\" aria-label=\"Cambiar a Catal&agrave;\"><span data-wpml=\"label\" data-wpml-label-type=\"native\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label \">Catal&agrave;<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item \" data-wpml=\"current-language-item\"><div><span data-wpml=\"label\" data-wpml-label-type=\"native\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label \">Castellano<\/span><\/div><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item \" data-wpml=\"language-item\"><div><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" data-wpml=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/en\/\" aria-label=\"Cambiar a English\"><span data-wpml=\"label\" data-wpml-label-type=\"native\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label \">English<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item \" data-wpml=\"language-item\"><div><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" data-wpml=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/fr\/\" aria-label=\"Cambiar a Fran&ccedil;ais\"><span data-wpml=\"label\" data-wpml-label-type=\"native\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label \">Fran&ccedil;ais<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"post_single_data wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-04-30T07:48:27+02:00\">30 de abril de 2026<\/time><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"taxonomy-category post_single_category wp-block-post-terms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/category\/escola-es\/aprn-es\/\" rel=\"tag\">Aprende<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/category\/escola-es\/\" rel=\"tag\">Escuela<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada vez est\u00e1 m\u00e1s claro que las redes sociales alimentan la indignaci\u00f3n y el conflicto para maximizar el tiempo que pasan en ellas los usuarios. Este enfoque, sin embargo, choca con la popular met\u00e1fora de las <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%A1mara_de_eco_(medios)\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%A1mara_de_eco_(medios)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">c\u00e1maras de eco<\/a>, que presenta a las plataformas como espacios polarizantes cerrados donde solo vemos opiniones que refuerzan nuestras propias creencias. Un <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/repository\/handle\/JRC144603\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/repository\/handle\/JRC144603\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">informe del Joint Research Centre (JRC)<\/a>, el servicio de ciencia y conocimiento de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, propone hablar de \u00abc\u00e1maras de eco conflictivas\u00bb para caracterizar unas plataformas que refuerzan una condici\u00f3n inherente a la naturaleza humana: el conflicto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>En las redes hay m\u00e1s diversidad de lo que parece<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La idea de que las redes nos a\u00edslan en burbujas es popular, pero cada vez tiene m\u00e1s matices dentro de la comunidad cient\u00edfica, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elperiodico.com\/es\/entre-todos\/20220623\/mito-filtros-burbuja-redes-sociales-13921814\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.elperiodico.com\/es\/entre-todos\/20220623\/mito-filtros-burbuja-redes-sociales-13921814\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">tal como ya hemos explicado desde Verificat<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/openaccess.uoc.edu\/items\/4703db77-37f3-488a-8e90-8d680bc2d497#page=1\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openaccess.uoc.edu\/items\/4703db77-37f3-488a-8e90-8d680bc2d497#page=1\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">No hay una evidencia clara que lo confirme<\/a>, pero s\u00ed un consenso creciente: no todo el mundo vive en espacios digitales aislados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cLa imagen cl\u00e1sica de las c\u00e1maras de eco como peque\u00f1as burbujas selladas donde los usuarios solo escuchan a su propio bando siempre ha sido exagerada\u201d, explica a Verificat <a href=\"https:\/\/sachaaltay.github.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sachaaltay.github.io\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Sacha Altay<\/a>, experto en desinformaci\u00f3n, confianza y redes sociales en el <a href=\"https:\/\/digdemlab.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/digdemlab.io\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Digital Democracy Lab de la Universidad de Z\u00farich<\/a>. Seg\u00fan el investigador, los estudios muestran que la mayor\u00eda de las personas tienen una \u201cdieta de noticias bastante diversa\u201d y que los \u201centornos ideol\u00f3gicamente puros son una excepci\u00f3n\u201d. Para referirse a estos espacios m\u00e1s homog\u00e9neos, Altay propone hablar de<strong> \u201cplataformas de eco\u201d<\/strong>, como <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truth_Social\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truth_Social\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Truth Social<\/a>, la red creada por Donald Trump. \u201cSon redes mucho m\u00e1s homog\u00e9neas ideol\u00f3gicamente que las convencionales y en ellas circula una proporci\u00f3n m\u00e1s elevada de contenido poco fiable\u201d, apunta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hay c\u00e1maras de eco, pero afectan a pocos usuarios<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto no significa que no existan c\u00e1maras de eco en plataformas populares como X o TikTok. Ahora bien, una investigaci\u00f3n de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41599-025-05806-8\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41599-025-05806-8\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Nature<\/a><\/em>, en l\u00ednea con lo que propone Altay, indica que afectan, sobre todo, a una minor\u00eda (menos del 15% de los usuarios), y otra investigaci\u00f3n de <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article\/35\/7\/30\/1267277\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article\/35\/7\/30\/1267277\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Internet Research<\/a><\/em> las limita a comunidades centradas en cuestiones controvertidas (como el aborto, la religi\u00f3n, la raza, la pol\u00edtica, el g\u00e9nero, los impuestos o el control de armas).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aun as\u00ed, cuando abrimos una red social, a menudo tenemos la sensaci\u00f3n de que el contenido es altamente polarizado. El experto lo describe como un \u201cespejo deformante\u201d: un peque\u00f1o porcentaje de los usuarios produce la mayor parte del contenido pol\u00edtico, a menudo m\u00e1s partidista y hostil, mientras que la mayor\u00eda se mantiene en silencio. En el caso de X (antiguo Twitter), por ejemplo, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/data-labs\/2019\/10\/23\/national-politics-on-twitter-small-share-of-u-s-adults-produce-majority-of-tweets\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/data-labs\/2019\/10\/23\/national-politics-on-twitter-small-share-of-u-s-adults-produce-majority-of-tweets\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">una investigaci\u00f3n del Pew Research Center <\/a>ya contabilizaba en el a\u00f1o 2019 que el 97% de los tuits que mencionaban la pol\u00edtica nacional durante el periodo del estudio proven\u00eda del 10% de los usuarios. Tambi\u00e9n, en el contexto de la covid-19, los Centros Contra el Odio Digital <a href=\"https:\/\/counterhate.com\/research\/the-disinformation-dozen\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/counterhate.com\/research\/the-disinformation-dozen\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">identificaron que tan solo doce perfiles <\/a>hab\u00edan sido responsables de dos tercios del contenido antivacunas en las redes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/comunicaciones.uc.cl\/facultad\/personas\/sebastian-valenzuela-leighton\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/comunicaciones.uc.cl\/facultad\/personas\/sebastian-valenzuela-leighton\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Sebasti\u00e1n Valenzuela<\/a>, director cient\u00edfico del International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) y profesor de la Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, a\u00f1ade un \u00faltimo aspecto a tener en cuenta: el contexto social. \u201cEn \u00e9poca de incertidumbre econ\u00f3mica y social hay m\u00e1s polarizaci\u00f3n que en \u00e9poca de bonanza\u201d, apunta en conversaci\u00f3n con Verificat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Los algoritmos perpetuan los conflictos, que son inherentes a la condici\u00f3n humana<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Que las c\u00e1maras de eco no sean universales, sin embargo, no implica que las redes sean espacios neutros. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20563051231224264\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20563051231224264\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">La polarizaci\u00f3n y la toxicidad son fen\u00f3menos reales y medibles.<\/a> En este sentido, las c\u00e1maras de eco se pueden entender como bandos enfrentados que refuerzan identidades opuestas alrededor de un tema, tal como describen en <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/repository\/handle\/JRC144603\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/repository\/handle\/JRC144603\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">el informe del Joint Research Centre (JRC),<\/a> del cual Altay y Valenzuela son autores. Para Valenzuela, el principal problema de estas c\u00e1maras es la intensificaci\u00f3n del conflicto entre usuarios que est\u00e1n expuestos a diferentes puntos de vista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los algoritmos est\u00e1n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0047272726000253\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0047272726000253\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">dise\u00f1ados para maximizar la interacci\u00f3n y, por lo tanto, tienden a priorizar contenidos emocionales, provocadores <\/a>o, incluso, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adl2829\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adl2829\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">indignantes <\/a>(como se explica en el recurso pedag\u00f3gico de Desfake <a href=\"https:\/\/desfake.cat\/es\/capsula\/la-era-de-la-desinformacion\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/desfake.cat\/es\/capsula\/la-era-de-la-desinformacion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>La era de la desinformaci\u00f3n<\/em><\/a>). Las conversaciones m\u00e1s tensas generan m\u00e1s respuestas, se alargan m\u00e1s y se hacen m\u00e1s visibles. As\u00ed lo evidencia una investigaci\u00f3n masiva de 34 a\u00f1os de datos de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-024-07229-y\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-024-07229-y\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Nature<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta investigaci\u00f3n, sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n nos recuerda que no es solo cosa de algoritmos, sino que tambi\u00e9n es un patr\u00f3n humano. Altay sostiene que los factores humanos son el motor principal del conflicto, tambi\u00e9n en las redes, mientras que \u201clos sistemas de recomendaci\u00f3n tienen menos influencia en la polarizaci\u00f3n que el estatus, la identidad de grupo, la desconfianza en las instituciones y la necesidad de mostrar lealtad al mismo bando\u201d, explica. Como describe Valenzuela, \u201cla gente pone la chispa y el algoritmo la esparce\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id93996_322ff7-cd{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id93996_322ff7-cd > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id93996_322ff7-cd > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id93996_322ff7-cd > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-right:60px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:60px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id93996_322ff7-cd{background-color:#e97000;}.kb-row-layout-id93996_322ff7-cd > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.06;background-image:url('https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Les-Mentides-Alimenten-lodi-background.svg');background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:no-repeat;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id93996_322ff7-cd > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id93996_322ff7-cd > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id93996_322ff7-cd alignnone kt-row-has-bg block_form_newsletter_black wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-overlay kt-row-overlay-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:0px;}.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column93996_71c488-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column93996_71c488-c0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-db948e2f1ed3207915b4fe1347302ae2\">Subscriu-te al butllet\u00ed de Desfake<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fd3bf5232599099fb3a2362d550a6f02 wp-block-paragraph\">Descobreix eines i consells pr\u00e0ctics per combatre la desinformaci\u00f3 a l\u2019aula. T\u2019ajudem a dotar-te de recursos efectius per ensenyar als teus alumnes a identificar la informaci\u00f3 falsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons button_white is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-63375db1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/desfake.cat\/newsletter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Subscriu-te<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La investigaci\u00f3n cuestiona la met\u00e1fora de las c\u00e1maras de eco tradicionales y apunta que el problema principal no es el aislamiento, sino las din\u00e1micas de confrontaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":93994,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24,23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aprn-es","category-escola-es","with-featured-image"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":24,"label":"Aprende"},{"value":23,"label":"Escuela"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/panos-sakalakis-GaUF0znKwfA-unsplash-1-1024x683.jpg",905,604,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"Mariona Pina Herrero","author_link":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/author\/marionaph\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":24,"name":"Aprende","slug":"aprn-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":24,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":23,"count":123,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":24,"category_count":123,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Aprende","category_nicename":"aprn-es","category_parent":23},{"term_id":23,"name":"Escuela","slug":"escola-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":23,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":166,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":23,"category_count":166,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Escuela","category_nicename":"escola-es","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93996"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":96194,"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93996\/revisions\/96194"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}