{"id":87874,"date":"2025-09-12T13:16:35","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T14:16:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/?page_id=87874"},"modified":"2025-09-12T13:57:51","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T14:57:51","slug":"narratives","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/en\/biofuels\/narratives\/","title":{"rendered":"Narratives"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-row-layout-id87874_a94f4b-a2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id87874_a94f4b-a2 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_a94f4b-a2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id87874_a94f4b-a2{background-color:#8db866;background-image:url('https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/biofuels.jpg');background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:no-repeat;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_a94f4b-a2 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id87874_a94f4b-a2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id87874_a94f4b-a2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id87874_a94f4b-a2 alignfull kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column87874_f21816-49{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_f21816-49{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49{text-align:center;}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column87874_f21816-49{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_f21816-49{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column87874_f21816-49{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_f21816-49{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column87874_f21816-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_f21816-49 kb-section-dir-vertical\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16\"]{font-style:normal;color:#ffffff;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading87874_f83c5e-16\"><strong>Vegetal fuel and recycled oil: are biofuels really sustainable?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-b1913cd7798ed800ff35092555f32682 wp-block-paragraph\">Biofuels are one of the pieces in the European Union energy transition strategy, but they still pollute at a local level and may even worsen emissions. We analyse publicity messages, as well as the narratives reaching social media and political debate<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-a96c156efab4725392dc43faeaf79bbb wp-block-paragraph\">Coordinated by <strong>Marc Masip<\/strong> and <strong>Alicia F\u00e0bregas<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id87874_370f25-2d{margin-bottom:70px;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_370f25-2d > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id87874_370f25-2d > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_370f25-2d > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id87874_370f25-2d{background-color:#8db866;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_370f25-2d > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id87874_370f25-2d > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id87874_370f25-2d > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id87874_370f25-2d alignfull kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column87874_b38af3-99{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99:hover > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#000000;background-image:none;}.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column87874_b38af3-99{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column87874_b38af3-99{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column87874_b38af3-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_b38af3-99\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/en\/biofuels\/\">Introduction<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column87874_580484-2c{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_580484-2c{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column87874_580484-2c:hover > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#000000;background-image:none;}.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_580484-2c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column87874_580484-2c{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_580484-2c{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column87874_580484-2c{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_580484-2c{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column87874_580484-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_580484-2c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/en\/biofuels\/narratives\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/les-mentides-alimenten-lodi\/drets\/\">Narratives<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id87874_2a29c4-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id87874_2a29c4-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_2a29c4-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(60% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 2 )\/3)));}.kb-row-layout-id87874_2a29c4-55 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id87874_2a29c4-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id87874_2a29c4-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id87874_2a29c4-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_2a29c4-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id87874_2a29c4-55 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-row-layout-center-half kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_c7d5db-83\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-senff-sticky-block content_special\" data-topspace=\"0\" data-cfa=\"true\" data-minwidth=\"0\" data-maxwidth=\"10\" data-pushup=\"\" data-zindex=\"1\"><style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:0px double #e1e1df;border-right:0px double #e1e1df;border-bottom:0px double #e1e1df;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:0px;border-right:0px solid #cf2e2e;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);letter-spacing:0px;font-weight:inherit;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-content-list li{margin-bottom:34px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-content-list li .kb-table-of-contents-list-sub{margin-top:34px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:0px double #e1e1df;border-right:0px double #e1e1df;border-bottom:0px double #e1e1df;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{border-right:0px solid #cf2e2e;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:0px double #e1e1df;border-right:0px double #e1e1df;border-bottom:0px double #e1e1df;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id87874_c9c476-75 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{border-right:0px solid #cf2e2e;}}<\/style><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_3b6ae3-f8 content_landing, content_special\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading content_landing has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92d71d573375e84d7b141debb9f23cc4\" style=\"color:#8db866\">Narratives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verificat has reviewed the communications of several political lobbying initiatives promoting biofuels at both the continental and Spanish levels, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/tourdeurope.eu\/#faq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tour d&#8217;Europe<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/plataformacombustiblesrenovables.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Plataforma para los Combustibles Renovables<\/a> (Platform for Renewable Fuels), as well as the websites of five of the largest oil companies in the EU (Shell, TotalEnergies, Eni, Repsol and Moeve, formerly Cepsa), to characterise their messages on the subject. These are the three largest companies in the sector with roots in the EU, according to Forbes&#8217; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Global 2000 list<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/aevecar.com\/repsol-y-cepsa-controlan-una-de-cada-cuatro-gasolineras-y-dejan-muy-atr-s-bp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the two leading Spanish entities<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-flourish wp-block-embed-flourish\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/25060675\/embed#?secret=HjhJ5pWZ6I\" data-secret=\"HjhJ5pWZ6I\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The communication campaigns of these entities use generally vague and unspecific concepts that make factual verification difficult because, strictly speaking, they do not include falsehoods. Yet, they promote a vast optimism towards biofuels with messages mainly highlighting their positive aspects, without mentioning their limitations and controversies. The four main narratives they use are also present in social media, as revealed by the analysis of messages on this subject on X (formerly Twitter), where they contribute to the idealisation of these products. Some social media users take this idea a step further and vow for biofuels as a current, real and more sustainable alternative to electrification for road transport decarbonisation, sometimes using debunked misinformation to make their points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feelings towards biofuels are highly polarised in X and reveal a lack of knowledge on the subject. In parallel to the idealistic messaging, posts that completely demonise their environmental and social impact are also common, usually falling onto an imprecise generalisation that considers all biofuels to be first generation (i.e., made out of edible crops).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most optimistic messages are also finding their way into European politics, through countries that defend this supposed alternative for achieving decarbonisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fd990a867b3d0a1708d915336db1a7ae\"><strong>The message changes depending on the source<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By reviewing the words most commonly used by both lobby groups and companies on their websites when talking about biofuels, it is possible to reconstruct a shared message: that these fuels are a renewable energy source, reducing emissions and promoting a circular system at two levels (the life cycle of biofuels themselves and the type of economy they promote), focusing on the reuse of waste as raw material (i.e., they focus on the exploitation of second-generation biofuels).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-flourish wp-block-embed-flourish\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/25061120\/embed#?secret=7GyIYOuPPi\" data-secret=\"7GyIYOuPPi\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On social network X, meanwhile, there is little conversation about biofuels. The EFCSN fact-checkers have not analysed any information related to the topic so far this year, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/euroclimatecheck.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the publications compiled<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/euroclimatecheck\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EuroClimateCheck<\/a> repository, of which Verificat is a member. To prepare this report, we analysed 170 Spanish messages that explicitly included the term \u2018biofuels\u2019 in the first seven months of 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Often, these publications use similar terminology to that of oil companies, but with added distortion and, often, ignorance. The main commonality in part of the messaging is the general framework: they are presented as fuels that contribute to reducing emissions and are directly related to renewable energies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-flourish wp-block-embed-flourish\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/25060793\/embed#?secret=1c5obkzRA4\" data-secret=\"1c5obkzRA4\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-flourish wp-block-embed-flourish\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/25061358\/embed#?secret=k8h6sKIsSF\" data-secret=\"k8h6sKIsSF\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The polarisation is palpable when analysing the sentiment of these messages. Some are mainly idealistic, presenting these fuels as a current and viable alternative to the electrification of land transport. They also sometimes argue that electric vehicles are more polluting than fossil fuels and claim that they are dangerous because they catch fire easily. Both are misleading arguments that have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/ni-contaminan-mas-ni-se-incendian-con-mayor-facilidad-la-desinformacion-sobre-los-vehiculos-electricos-resucita-en-la-campana-de-las-europeas\/\">previously disproved by Verificat<\/a>, as well as by other EFCSN members as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ostro.si\/si\/razkrinkavanje\/objave\/ne-drzi-da-so-avtomobili-na-klasicni-pogon-prijaznejsi-do-okolja-kot-elektricni\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ostro <\/a>or <a href=\"https:\/\/maldita.es\/clima\/20250409\/coche-electrico-estafa-narrativas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Maldita<\/a>. We have also found examples of techno-optimism, which defend the idea that any scientific discovery about a new way of obtaining biofuels can be translated into a viable, scalable and applicable option today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-flourish wp-block-embed-flourish\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/25061442\/embed#?secret=Dfk7hmZXGB\" data-secret=\"Dfk7hmZXGB\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the opposite end of the spectrum are publications that highlight the problems associated with first-generation biofuels, such as deforestation and rising food prices, and generalise them by applying them to all alternative fuels. In other words, many of the profiles analysed understand that all biofuels use food as raw material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the political arena, we have also observed, on some occasions, the use of terminology similar to that used in corporate digital communications. This is the case in Italy, which is leading an <a href=\"https:\/\/biofutureplatform.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">international initiative<\/a> to promote these products, and in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/newsroom\/epp-group-position-paper-securing-the-competitiveness-of-the-european-automotive-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European People&#8217;s Party<\/a>, which considers that they \u2018play a role in reducing CO2 emissions\u2019. In Spain, both political bodies, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ve1mHB66ES0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">such as the Ministry for Ecological Transition<\/a>, and leaders of parties such as the People&#8217;s Party, have also supported them in joint events with the major oil companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are the main verified narratives:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote blue is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"blue wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>Biofuels are a renewable and sustainable fuel<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A common feature of the oil industry&#8217;s communications about biofuels is that they are often paired with words like \u2018renewable\u2019 or \u2018sustainable.\u2019 These are adjectives that are also used by public bodies such as <a href=\"https:\/\/energy.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/renewable-energy\/bioenergy\/biofuels_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the European Commission<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/carbon-accounting-for-sustainable-biofuels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the International Energy Agency<\/a> (IEA), as well as Italian and Spanish political figures. In fact, Repsol&#8217;s press office refers to the <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/ES\/AUTO\/?uri=celex:32018L2001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Renewable Energy Directive<\/a> (RED) to justify that it is \u2018renewable energy\u2019, because the directive defines it as energy that comes from various sources, including \u2018biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas, and biogas\u2019. However, these expressions need to be contextualised, because they require very specific technical conditions to be met.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/es\/climatechange\/what-is-renewable-energy#:~:text=Las%20energ%C3%ADas%20renovables%20son%20un,estas%20fuentes%20se%20renuevan%20continuamente\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">According to the United Nations<\/a>, renewable energies derive \u2018from natural sources that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed\u2019. The organisation cites the sun, wind and bioenergy as examples, although it points out that the latter \u2018should only be used in limited applications, given potential negative environmental impacts related to large-scale increases in forest and bioenergy plantations, and resulting deforestation and land-use change\u2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the point emphasised by the researchers interviewed by Verificat, who warn that whether biofuels can be considered renewable depends on the quantity and rate at which they are consumed. Unlike wind or sunlight, biomass (the raw material that produces these fuels) is finite: producing large amounts of first-generation biofuel can encourage deforestation, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/WPapers\/WP68Pacheco.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a study<\/a> by the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), and the waste available to produce second-generation biofuels is limited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In line with this, there are initiatives such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.repsol.es\/particulares\/vehiculos\/estaciones-de-servicio\/servicios\/recogida-aceite-cocina-usado\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Repsol&#8217;s, which offers its customers<\/a> in different autonomous communities in Spain discounts on refuelling if they deliver used cooking oil to collection points made available at its petrol stations for recycling. However, the NGO Transport &amp; Environment stated in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/articles\/uco-unknown-cooking-oil-high-hopes-on-limited-and-suspicious-materials\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a 2024 report<\/a> that European countries consumed eight times more used cooking oil to make biodiesel in 2023 than their maximum collection potential, making imports essential. Both <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieabioenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/CountriesReport2024_final.pdf#page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the IEA<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eca.europa.eu\/es\/publications?ref=SR-2023-29#:~:text=Ilustraci%C3%B3n%C2%A012%C2%A0%E2%80%93%C2%A0Importaciones%20de%20aceite%20de%20cocina%20usado%20en%20la%20Europa%20de%20los%20Veintisiete%20procedentes%20de%20pa%C3%ADses%20no%20pertenecientes%20a%20la%20UE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the European Court of Auditors<\/a> noted in separate reports that much of this raw material used in Europe comes from Asia, particularly China.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2018The word \u201crenewable\u201d should not only refer to whether the resource becomes available again within a certain period of time, but also to what environmental cost,\u2019 says climate communicator and doctor of biodiversity Andreu Escriv\u00e0.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The expert is also critical of the concept of \u2018sustainable\u2019, which he considers meaningless in his book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miteco.gob.es\/es\/ceneam\/recursos\/materiales\/contra-sostenibilidad.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contra la sostenibilidad<\/a> (Against Sustainability). The Royal Spanish Academy (RAE, for its acronym in Spanish) <a href=\"https:\/\/dle.rae.es\/sostenible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">defines it<\/a> as \u2018that which can be maintained over a long period of time without depleting resources or causing serious damage to the environment\u2019. This concept, extended to \u2018sustainable development\u2019, was defined in 1987, <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=LEGISSUM:sustainable_development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">according to the European Union<\/a>, and refers to \u2018development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs\u2019. As with the concept of \u2018renewable\u2019, in the case of biofuels this condition is only met if the rate of extraction and production respects the natural rates of biomass regeneration. Otherwise, resources will be depleted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#e9e9e9;}.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_3d908b-e3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6c89ebce216b9ca01d51ca8890c0a502\"><strong><strong><strong>The use of terminology in political spheres<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italy is currently one of the leading EU countries committed to biofuels. It is the second <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/nrg_ti_bio\/default\/bar?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">largest importer<\/a> of this product in the Eurozone and the <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/nrg_inf_lbpc\/default\/bar?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fourth largest producer<\/a>. This is also backed up by a political strategy that&#8217;s leading to several actions. One of the most notable is its role as chair, until 2027, of the Biofuture Platform Initiative (BfPI) of the global Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) forum, a meeting point for accelerating the development and implementation of bio-based fuels globally.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mase.gov.it\/portale\/-\/l-italia-nominata-presidente-dell-iniziativa-multilaterale-cem-biofuture-platform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">official statement<\/a> announcing the new presidency, Gilberto Pichetto Fratin, Italian Minister for the Environment and Energy Security, stated that \u2018We are at a unique moment to promote policies and initiatives that will further encourage the use of sustainable biofuels as an effective and strategic solution in all sectors, including those that are difficult to decarbonise and transport, including road transport, in order to address global sectoral challenges and promote a safe and sustainable energy transition through a concrete and non-ideological approach.\u2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Spain, former Minister for Ecological Transition Teresa Ribera made clear her support for biofuels using similar terms. The press conference took place in 2024, in Palos de la Frontera (Andalusia), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moeveglobal.com\/es\/prensa\/cepsa-y-bio-oils-construyen-la-mayor-planta-de-biocombustibles-2g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">during the groundbreaking ceremony<\/a> for a joint project between Moeve (formerly Cepsa) and Bioils. There, the former minister <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ve1mHB66ES0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">assured<\/a> that \u2018biofuels will be key in the decarbonisation of sectors such as maritime transport and aviation\u2019. At the same event, Juan Manuel Moreno Bonilla, president of the Andalusian Regional Government for the People\u2019s Party, added that Andalusia was ready to become \u2018a major producer and distributor of clean energy on the continent\u2019 and highlighted that the new plant that was beginning to be built was \u2018a clear and very valuable example of the circular economy\u2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote blue is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"blue has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bde1d17918972e14439f6825abdd147f wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>Biofuels are clean fuels; they do not pollute or pollute very little<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another key narrative is to define biofuels as products that do not emit CO\u2082 (or do so in very limited quantities), and are therefore considered \u2018carbon neutral\u2019 or \u2018clean energy\u2019 if they comply with European directives. This promise appears in both the <a href=\"https:\/\/tourdeurope.eu\/#faq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tour d&#8217;Europe<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/plataformacombustiblesrenovables.es\/combustible-renovable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Plataforma para los Combustibles Renovables<\/a> (Platform for Renewable Fuels) initiatives, as well as on most of the websites of the five major oil companies analysed. The TotalEnergies press office points out that biofuels emit more than 50% less CO\u2082 than their fossil fuel equivalents over their life cycle, which, according to them, makes them a partial route to decarbonisation for liquid fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/es\/energia-avanzar\/movilidad\/combustibles-renovables\/index.cshtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Repsol<\/a>, for its part, claims in its website that one of the strengths of this product is that it reduces emissions because \u2018the CO\u2082 released during its use is equal to the CO\u2082 absorbed by the organic matter from which it is derived during its useful life\u2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moeve.es\/es\/empresa\/biocombustibles?utm_source=google-sem&amp;utm_medium=paid-search&amp;utm_content=google-sem_cepsa-corp_cob_in_comercial-cleanenergy_30102024_31122024_ron-_dblb_1x1_pcc_cpc_&amp;utm_term=Pixel%20and%20Click%20Command&amp;utm_campaign=moeve-cc-asfaltos-2024-gen_cepsa-corp_comercial-cleanenergy_paid_search&amp;gad_source=1&amp;gad_campaignid=21051220213&amp;gbraid=0AAAAAqWKQ4g9wNTPXydflzv7mBeH7tLgH&amp;gclid=CjwKCAjwv5zEBhBwEiwAOg2YKCTr9rhFqvRSbvKjwt_NhmsMCUK1obo3Zh3_Yhtl8hdGLlS_YqRwCxoCvhYQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Moeve<\/a> describes them as \u2018the current solution for decarbonising transport\u2019. Their press department adds the claim is based in their ability to reduce up to 90% of net CO\u2082 emissions compared to fossil fuels over their whole life cycle. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shell.com\/business-customers\/shell-low-carbon-solutions\/sustainable-biofuels.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Shell<\/a> considers them key in the transition \u2018towards net zero emissions\u2019 and, in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shell.com\/sustainability\/climate\/shell-energy-transition-strategy\/_jcr_content\/root\/main\/section_321304972\/promo_copy_copy\/links\/item0.stream\/1726832326846\/2c3f9065f2886e789ac196789f137dbca49473e8\/shell-energy-transition-strategy-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">strategy report for the energy transition for 2024<\/a>, includes them among \u2018low-carbon products\u2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The idea is also supported by the European People&#8217;s Party in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/newsroom\/epp-group-position-paper-securing-the-competitiveness-of-the-european-automotive-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">its proposal<\/a> to \u2018secure the competitiveness of the European automotive industry\u2019. It calls for exemptions for biofuels and other alternative fuels in the ban on the sale of now combustion engine cars and vans by 2035. This proposal is backed by the German Association of the Automotive Industry, which, in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vda.de\/de\/presse\/Pressemeldungen\/2025\/250606_PM_2030-2035_CO2-Flottenregulierung\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a statement<\/a>, called for greater focus on \u2018renewable fuels\u2019 \u2018considering their average impact on CO\u2082 reduction\u2019. Poland and the Czech Republic support the revision of the law, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/eu-lawmaker-group-challenge-combustion-engine-ban-this-year-2025-03-12\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reuters<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/german-auto-lobby-proposal-sparks-renewed-debate-eu-combustion-engine-ban\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Politico<\/a>, but we have not found any recent specific communications on biofuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polish MEP Dariusz Jo\u0144ski cited both infrastructure and economic challenges to ask for a relaxation of the ban. He sees it as an unrealistic plan, according to local media (<a href=\"https:\/\/oko.press\/jonski-samochody-elektryczne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zielonagospodarka.pl\/pozegnanie-z-autem-spalinowym-odsuniete-tak-twierdza-politycy-po-19419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/next.gazeta.pl\/next\/7,172392,31535317,politycy-po-chca-rewizji-zakazu-aut-spalinowych-to-grozi-tworzeniem.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3<\/a>) made available to Verificat by Demagog, a Polish fact-checking agency part of EFCSN. His arguments are similar to the ones<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pzpm.org.pl\/pl\/Publikacje\/Stanowiska-PZPM\/Apel-PZPM-do-rzadu-o-wsparcie-stanowiska-branzy-dot.-zmiany-podejscia-do-wyznaczonych-limitow-emisji-CO2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> defended by the Polish Automotive Association<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is true that biofuels can emit much less CO\u2082 than fossil fuels, but they are by no means a zero-emission product. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/biofuel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">When this type of fuel is burned<\/a>, vehicles release into the atmosphere an amount of carbon dioxide similar to that stored by the organic matter from which they originate during their growth. In other words, on paper, the balance is zero: as much CO\u2082 is emitted as is captured. However, this comparison only scratches the surface, because biofuels emit greenhouse gases even before they are burned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.mit.edu\/ask-mit\/how-should-we-measure-co2-emissions-biofuels-and-bioenergy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Climate Portal<\/a> and experts consulted by Verificat point out that, when measuring emissions from these fuels, it is essential to include those associated with their production, transport and processing, among others. In other words, <a href=\"https:\/\/portal.camins.upc.edu\/materials_guia\/250504\/2013\/Analisis%20del%20Ciclo%20de%20Vida.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">their entire life cycle must be analysed<\/a>. This \u2018includes emissions from the farm machinery used to harvest them [the raw materials], the gasoline burned to move them to a processing facility and, in some cases, it can also include the fossil fuels used to run the processing plant\u2019, according to MIT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taking all these factors into account, in the best-case scenario, biofuels can reduce emissions by up to \u201880-85%\u2019 compared to traditional fuels, according to Jordi Guilera from IREC, in conversation with Verificat. This reduction is lower in the case of first-generation biofuels and higher in second-generation biofuels, but it varies greatly depending on the raw material used and the study evaluating it, as reflected in various systematic reviews (<a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspa.2020.0351#d1e3146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1364032113002736?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a>). There is no consensus on a specific figure, and when there is deforestation and land use change, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0921344921007394\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">emissions<\/a> can be even <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2101084119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">higher<\/a> than in the case of oil. Therefore, claiming biofuels reduce emissions compared to fossil fuels is not always precise, as this depends on its origin and production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Is that enough to consider them a \u2018clean fuel\u2019 or to say that they produce \u2018clean energy\u2019? The International Energy Forum <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ief.org\/news\/what-constitutes-clean-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">defines the concept<\/a> as \u2018energy made without causing harm to the environment\u2019, while <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.mit.edu\/ask-mit\/what-clean-energy-any-kind-energy-completely-clean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MIT talks about<\/a> \u2018energy sources that produce no climate-warming greenhouse gas emissions\u2019. The university includes biofuels here only \u2018in some circumstances\u2019, and newspaper articles such as <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/biofuels-ethanol-biodiesel-g20-climate-change-leaders-summit-ab58f3904e3215abdcccf0a4e6f555ba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this one from the Associated Press<\/a> consider that, to be considered as such, they must be made from \u2018waste or inedible vegetation, with renewable energy to power the production, and have little or no greenhouse gas emissions\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The terms have another meaning for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/clean-household-energy-solutions-toolkit\/module-7-defining-clean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the World Health Organisation<\/a> (WHO) in the household context. The organisation considers clean fuels to be \u2018those that attain the fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>) and carbon monoxide (CO) levels recommended in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240034228\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WHO global air quality guidelines (2021)<\/a>\u2019 for heating, cooking and lighting. In general terms, these are fuels that do not emit pollutants.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, available evidence shows that biofuels produce local pollution on a similar scale to conventional fuels when burned, as pointed out by Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Gal\u00e1n-Mascar\u00f3s, an ICREA researcher at the Catalan Institute for Chemical Research (ICIQ), who investigates the applications of inorganic materials for renewable energies. If large quantities of biofuel are burned in a given area, for example, a city, pollution will increase significantly there, even though globally the balance will be neutral, he explains. \u2018Atmospherically, it has no impact, but in the city it does,\u2019 he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is illustrated by <a href=\"https:\/\/uk-air.defra.gov.uk\/assets\/documents\/110322_AQEG_Biofuels_advice_note.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a review of the available evidence<\/a> carried out by the UK Air Quality Expert Group, which assessed whether the use of biofuels reduced local pollution. The study concluded that blending them with petrol or diesel at up to 15% has little effect on air quality: in other words, burning biofuels still emits pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide and particulate matter (PM), among others, which traditional fuels also emit and are known to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/es\/highlights\/los-efectos-de-la-exposicion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">harmful to health<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#e9e9e9;}.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_3ee057-9c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3ad66cc05da94505cdd29126c56a56e0\"><strong><strong>First-generation biofuels are still in use<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many posts on social media confuse biofuels in general with first-generation biofuels. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/energy.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/renewable-energy\/bioenergy\/biofuels_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the EU is committed<\/a> to second-generation and synthetic biofuels and advocates moving away from those based on food crops. Even some of the major oil companies include this in their communications. The TotalEnergies press office has told Verificat that it excludes first-generation biomass, which competes with food consumption, from its biofuel production. Shell, for its part, states on its website that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shell.com\/what-we-do\/low-carbon-fuels.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one of its business principles<\/a> is to work to ensure that its supply does not involve deforestation. It also states that it \u2018tries\u2019 not to source renewable components or feedstocks associated with any violation of human rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet, only 40% of the biofuel used in the European Union in 2022 came from waste utilisation, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieabioenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/CountryReport2024_EU27_final_v2.pdf#page=18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">an analysis by the IEA<\/a>. In other words, most of the raw materials used are still cultivated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is reflected in the case of Spain. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miteco.gob.es\/es\/energia\/hidrocarburos-nuevos-combustibles\/biocarburantes\/estadisticas.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Data from the Ministry for Ecological Transition<\/a> show that nine out of every ten litres of bioethanol sold come from corn and the rest from sugar cane, while half of the hydrobiodiesel consumed uses oil extracted from palm clusters. This raw material is already regulated by <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/forests\/deforestation\/regulation-deforestation-free-products_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the EU<\/a> to reduce its impact on deforestation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even among second-generation biofuels, such as the highly acclaimed used cooking oil, virgin palm oil is sneaking in, as demonstrated by the environmental NGO Transport &amp; Environment, which uncovered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/articles\/uco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fraud<\/a> in the product imported from Asian countries, a growing trend in the EU. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eca.europa.eu\/es\/publications?ref=SR-2023-29#:~:text=existe%20un%20riesgo%20demostrado%20de%20fraude\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European Court of Auditors admits<\/a> that there is a \u2018proven risk of fraud\u2019 for the product because \u2018it is difficult to confirm that imported used cooking oil, given its characteristics, is a waste product\u2019. In the case of biodiesel marketed in Spain, three out of every four kilos of raw materials come from Indonesia, China or Malaysia, and almost 40% is produced from used cooking oil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The European Parliament <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/A-8-2017-0066_ES.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">already warned<\/a> of this reality in a 2017 report on the relationship between palm oil and rainforest deforestation. The document stated that the energy sector was responsible for 60% of EU palm oil imports in 2014 and that 46% \u2018was used as fuel for transport\u2019. It also estimated that by 2020, one million hectares would have been converted to produce palm oil for biodiesel on a global scale, \u20180.57 million of which will be converted from Southeast Asian primary forests\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Last February, the Federation of Consumers and Users (CECU), Ecologists in Action and Greenpeace Spain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecologistasenaccion.org\/308964\/repsol-te-toma-el-pelo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">filed a complaint<\/a> against Repsol with the National Commission for Markets and Competition. They accused the company of concealing information \u2018in its public communications and advertising\u2019 about \u2018deforestation and other environmental and social impacts caused by the production of palm oil used in the manufacture of its biofuels (biodiesel)\u2019. The oil company&#8217;s press office states that Repsol prioritises the national and European origin of the raw material used and resorts to imports when necessary, guaranteeing the traceability and sustainability of all batches back to their origin. According to the company, the raw material used is regulated, supervised and certified.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote blue is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"blue wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>Biofuels promote the local circular economy<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another common narrative among <a href=\"https:\/\/plataformacombustiblesrenovables.es\/informe-ntt-data\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pressure groups<\/a> and oil companies is that biofuels represent a great opportunity to reduce energy dependence by promoting local production and replacing foreign raw materials. The idea of energy independence is also echoed in <a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/article\/id\/443177-advanced-biofuels-and-synthetic-renewable-fuels\/es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miteco.gob.es\/es\/prensa\/ultimas-noticias\/2025\/julio\/el-miteco-abre-a-consulta-el-proyecto-de-real-decreto-de-fomento.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">national<\/a> institutions, especially since Russia&#8217;s invasion of Ukraine, with the launch of plans such as <a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/topics\/energy\/repowereu_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">REPowerEU<\/a>, which aimed to \u2018phase out Russian fossil fuel imports\u2019, currently <a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/topics\/eu-solidarity-ukraine\/eu-sanctions-against-russia-following-invasion-ukraine\/sanctions-energy_es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">frozen by sanctions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miteco.gob.es\/es\/energia\/hidrocarburos-nuevos-combustibles\/biocarburantes\/estadisticas.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">data from the Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition<\/a> illustrates how, despite the fact that most biofuels used in Spain are produced in the country or in its European neighbours, a large part of the raw materials used to manufacture them come from outside the EU, especially from Asia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieabioenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/CountriesReport2024_final.pdf#page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">An IEA report<\/a> points out that the situation is similar in Germany and the Netherlands: these are countries that export more biodiesel than they import, but use raw materials from China to produce it. In fact, the EU <a href=\"https:\/\/policy.trade.ec.europa.eu\/news\/commission-protects-eu-biodiesel-industry-dumped-chinese-imports-2025-02-11_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">has imposed duties<\/a> on Chinese biodiesel imports in order to prevent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/topics\/es\/article\/20180621STO06336\/el-dumping-explicado-definicion-y-efectos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dumping or unfair competition<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the case of bioethanol, the IEA notes that the raw materials tend to come from North American corn.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For its part, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eca.europa.eu\/es\/publications?ref=SR-2023-29#:~:text=Asimismo%2C%20la%20dependencia,de%20fuentes%20sostenibles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European Court of Auditors<\/a> concludes in its analysis of European biofuel policies that \u2018dependence on feedstock imports has increased due to the rising demand for biomass over the years,\u2019 and criticises the EU because \u2018the targets for renewable fuels are set without taking into account the available biomass from sustainable sources\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#e9e9e9;}.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_9aa701-3a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a01a6735aa975c7050a2208d1e8d9b44\"><strong><strong>Halting the depopulation of rural Spain<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Spain, the oil industry proposes biofuels as a tool in the fight against rural depopulation because, they claim, it contributes to the economic revitalisation of the territory. There are examples of this for both <a href=\"https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/es\/energia-avanzar\/energia\/biomasa-recurso-reactivar-zonas-rurales\/index.cshtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Repsol<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moeveglobal.com\/es\/prensa\/cepsa-inicia-el-desarrollo-de-plantas-de-produccion-de-biometano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Moeve<\/a> .\u00a0They vow for these initiatives to have a real economic impact on rural communities where deployment is planned, explains the latter\u2019s press department, as well as favour the region development and try to guarantee the benefits will stay there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is also promoted through a regulatory framework, both European and national, as set out in the Spanish Government&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miteco.gob.es\/content\/dam\/miteco\/es\/energia\/files-1\/es-es\/Novedades\/Documents\/00HR_Biogas_V6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biogas Roadmap<\/a>, which establishes minimum production targets, accompanied by measures to boost investment. This document specifies that biogas \u2018helps to prevent rural depopulation, creating economic value and employment and offering synergies with the economic recovery needs of areas undergoing a fair transition\u2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite this, the installation of large-scale plants for this type of fuel, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idae.es\/tecnologias\/energias-renovables\/uso-termico\/biogas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">is used<\/a> in energy and heat production and as a motor fuel, <a href=\"https:\/\/stopganaderiaindustrial.org\/biogas-con-purines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">has been met with resistance<\/a> in some rural areas of Spain and has sparked protests in various regions, according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/efe.com\/medio-ambiente\/2025-05-31\/protestas-contra-macroproyectos-biogas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EFE news agency<\/a>. The NGO Ecologistas en Acci\u00f3n de Valladolid explained <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Lypgtn7Q9488nEKtGl2YQzL-YJaQPxui\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">in a statement<\/a> that the plants could contribute to better management of livestock waste and could be \u2018justified and appropriate\u2019 in Castilla y Le\u00f3n, but they must be \u2018subject to adequate and specific regulation that does not currently exist\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/stopganaderiaindustrial.org\/biogas-con-purines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stop Ganader\u00eda Industrial<\/a> (Stop Industrial Livestock Farming) platform, which includes more than 90 neighbourhood movements throughout Spain, including some initiatives opposed to biofuels, claims that the local population is not benefiting from these large projects. This is a recurring complaint among movements because, according to Berta Roset P\u00e9rez, a doctoral student at the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), who specialises in the social impact of biogas and energy transition, the local population bears the negative effects (bad odours, noise and land occupation), while the benefits are redistributed throughout the country.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote blue is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"blue wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>Biofuels are a current, scalable and inexpensive solution<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another key message is that these fuels are a real and viable solution that can already be implemented today. It is a solution that also requires little investment in new infrastructure, because vehicle engines are already compatible and biofuels can be purchased at existing petrol stations. The Italian company Eni, for example, states <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eni.com\/en-IT\/media\/stories\/what-are-biofuels.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">on its website<\/a> that biofuels \u2018can be used in transport to partially or entirely replace traditional fossil fuels\u2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Biofuels have already contributed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/en\/analysis\/indicators\/greenhouse-gas-emission-intensity-of?activeAccordion=ecdb3bcf-bbe9-4978-b5cf-0b136399d9f8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">an analysis<\/a> by the European Environment Agency: specifically, by 5.6% between 2010 and 2022 (and by 4% if we take into account emissions generated by land use changes). In fact, they currently contribute more than electricity in the transport sector, both at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieabioenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/CountryReport2024_EU27_final_v2.pdf#page=18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European<\/a> and national level.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-flourish wp-block-embed-flourish\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/25046399\/embed#?secret=2AGgL0tt8v\" data-secret=\"2AGgL0tt8v\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, transport is the only sector that has continued to increase its overall emissions <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?oldid=661410#Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_economic_activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Europe over the last decade<\/a>, and the use of biofuels is still very marginal. It has stabilised at around 6.5% since 2020, according to data collected by Eurostat up to 2022. Increasing this figure is a challenge limited by the complicated scalability of the sector, according to the aforementioned <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eca.europa.eu\/es\/publications?ref=SR-2023-29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">report by the European Court of Auditors<\/a>: \u2018Sustainability issues, biomass availability and costs are limiting the deployment of biofuels\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the Corporaci\u00f3n de Reservas Estrat\u00e9gicas de Productos Petrol\u00edferos (CORES, for its acronym in Spanish), the public body that guarantees security of energy supply in Spain, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cores.es\/sites\/default\/files\/archivos\/estadisticas\/est-petroliferos-consumo-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">57 million litres of oil were consumed in the country in 2023<\/a>, while \u2018the largest [biofuel] projects in Spain [&#8230;] estimate up to 3,850,000 tonnes of biofuel production per year\u2019, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodes.org\/images\/que-hacemos\/01.Cambio_Climatico\/Incidencia_politicas\/Biocombustibles\/Informe_Biocombustibles_Espana_ECODES.pdf#page=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">report by Ecodes<\/a>. Crossing the two figures, state supply would account for only 7% of demand. CORES notes that biofuels accounted for 3.65% of petrol and 7.99% of diesel consumed in 2024, with<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cores.es\/sites\/default\/files\/archivos\/estadisticas\/est-petroliferos-consumo-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> the most recent data<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-flourish wp-block-embed-flourish\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/25061587\/embed#?secret=L91X3pfRV8\" data-secret=\"L91X3pfRV8\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Gal\u00e1n-Mascar\u00f3s, ICREA researcher at ICIQ, points to the difficulty of making the technology economically viable, especially compared to petrol and diesel, which have historically been supported by large infrastructures and financially backed by public and private bodies. In the case of biofuels, \u2018when you start scaling up technologies you have a problem, because the public funds say that this has to be done by private funds, and the private funds say they don&#8217;t see clearly whether they will lose money or not\u2019, he concludes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TotalEnergies&#8217; press office tells Verificat that access to raw materials (plants, waste, sugar, etc.) remains a barrier to growth. Shell refers to its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shell.com\/sustainability\/climate\/shell-energy-transition-strategy\/_jcr_content\/root\/main\/section_321304972\/promo_copy_copy\/links\/item0.stream\/1726832326846\/2c3f9065f2886e789ac196789f137dbca49473e8\/shell-energy-transition-strategy-2024.pdf#page=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">internal statistics<\/a>, which show that demand in the passenger road sector is still very low.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#e9e9e9;}.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_e0bde6-f1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8824ad44265a190106d23d9945163182\"><strong><strong>Techno-optimistic narratives<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many posts on social media echo scientific findings that manage to produce fuels from promising new substances such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0016236121021943\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">algae<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6180963\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">coconut shells<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/secretariageneral.ugr.es\/informacion\/noticias\/investigadores-de-la-ugr-demuestran-que-los-huesos-de-aceituna-empleados-para-limpiar-residuos-sirven-de-combustible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">olive pits<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S187661021931313X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">coffee<\/a>, for example, and present them as an immediately scalable option that solves the mobility problem. It is a misleading idea because, although the process has been shown to be technically possible, mass production is not yet a real option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The eternal promise that technology will solve the climate crisis is known as techno-optimism. This is a disinformation technique included in a \u2018new denialism\u2019 called climate retardism which, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/de-cuestionar-la-existencia-del-cambio-climatico-a-criticar-las-soluciones-el-nuevo-negacionismo-se-dispara-en-youtube\/\">as we explained in Verificat<\/a>, accepts the existence of climate change and the human cause behind it, but hinders and delays effective measures to address it. Messages on social media, for example, ignore the fact that a scientific discovery does not immediately translate into a project that can be scaled up internationally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this reason, some of the experts interviewed by Verificat argue that the alternatives that are sometimes proposed, rather than real options, are procrastination tools that can \u2018sell the illusion that certain products will be on the market\u2019, says Jordi Guilera, researcher at IREC, but \u2018the time horizon is so long and so many changes are required, that what is being done is to gain time\u2019, he adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icrea.cat\/community\/icreas\/17561\/mario-giampietro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mario Giampietro<\/a>, former ICREA researcher at ICTA-UAB and specialist in the economics of food systems, who has devoted part of his career to studying the potential of biofuels, also refers to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/The-Biofuel-Delusion-The-Fallacy-of-Large-Scale-Agro-Biofuels-Production\/Giampietro-Mayumi\/p\/book\/9781138866973?srsltid=AfmBOorj2bVDCXt8tvZ63-tGEoCAcpAtHowgnqi6plj7I5yy_o-h44dH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">scientific myths<\/a> surrounding them. For him, the big problem in the debate on biofuels is that it is \u2018a political myth\u2019, because \u2018they are neither feasible nor viable in relation to the objective of providing society with a large-scale net supply of this type of fuel\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote blue is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"blue wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The false dichotomy between electrification and biofuels<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X (formerly Twitter) is full of posts presenting biofuels as the alternative that the EU should opt for in order to decarbonise European mobility, to the detriment of electric vehicles. Indeed, many of these messages are accompanied by misinformation narratives about electric vehicles such as that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/es\/ni-contaminan-mas-ni-se-incendian-con-mas-facilidad-la-desinformacion-sobre-los-vehiculos-electricos-resucita-en-la-campana-de-las-europeas\/\">they burn more or pollute more<\/a> than fossil fuels, both <a href=\"https:\/\/euroclimatecheck.com\/articles\/?order=-datePublished&amp;type=Factcheck&amp;search=electric+vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">widely debunked by the European fact-checking community<\/a>. This idea is not explicitly stated on oil companies&#8217; websites, but rather is an inference made by users on social media based on the sustainability they attribute to biofuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other words, what the messages in X are posing is a <a href=\"https:\/\/skepticalscience.com\/print.php?n=4074#:~:text=temperature%20trends%20retroactively.-,False%20dichotomy,-%3A%20incorrectly%20assuming%20there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">false dichotomy<\/a> between the electrification of mobility and the use of biofuels, i.e. a scenario in which only one of the two approaches can prevail. In reality, <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.ec.europa.eu\/eu-action\/transport-decarbonisation_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">both the EU<\/a> and the experts consulted by Verificat advocate an energy mix in which biofuels \u2014together with synthetic fuels and other alternatives\u2014 help to reduce emissions in sectors that are difficult to decarbonise, such as aviation, maritime transport and freight transport, while the fleet of cars and vans is being electrified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of the companies analysed even explain that their commitment is not exclusive and that biofuels will be mainly focused on transport that cannot be electrified. Shell, in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shell.com\/sustainability\/climate\/shell-energy-transition-strategy\/_jcr_content\/root\/main\/section_321304972\/promo_copy_copy\/links\/item0.stream\/1726832326846\/2c3f9065f2886e789ac196789f137dbca49473e8\/shell-energy-transition-strategy-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">strategy report for the energy transition for 2024<\/a>, states that it expects rapid growth in electric vehicles and believes that \u2018biofuels and natural gas will also play a role in reducing emissions from heavy-duty transport\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>In fact, researchers are calling for a further shift in European initiatives, not only to promote electric mobility, but also to reduce the vehicle fleet. If every family goes from having one combustion engine car to two or three electric cars, \u2018everything we gain in efficiency we lose in volume,\u2019 argued <a href=\"https:\/\/futur.upc.edu\/OlgaAlcarazSendra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Olga Alcaraz<\/a>, a member of the Institute for Research in Science and Technology for Sustainability (CITES) at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/ni-contaminen-mes-ni-sincendien-amb-major-facilitat-la-desinformacio-sobre-els-vehicles-electrics-ressuscita-en-la-campanya-a-les-europees\/\">in an interview with Verificat<\/a> in 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verificat.cat\/en\/why-ipcc-reports-are-the-most-reliable-documents-on-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">field\u2019s maximum authority<\/a>, points in<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/chapter\/summary-for-policymakers\/#:~:text=C.8Demand,LINKS%20TO%20CHAPTERS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> a 2022 report <\/a>that electric vehicles using low carbon electricity (i.e., solar, wind or nuclear), is the technology with the highest potential to reduce transport emissions. Nevertheless, the group also vows for systemic changes, as adapting cities to a better connectivity, invest in public transportation, cycle lanes and walkable zones, or promoting telework and shared mobility. The report mentions biofuels for road transport as a \u201cmitigation\u201d strategy for the short and middle term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><em>This report was funded by the European Climate Foundation in partnership with the European Fact-Checking and Standards Network (EFCSN).<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_8bc149-4c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id87874_1e5919-b8{margin-bottom:20px;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_1e5919-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id87874_1e5919-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_1e5919-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:1300px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:65px;padding-bottom:65px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id87874_1e5919-b8{background-color:#2b2b2b;}.kb-row-layout-id87874_1e5919-b8 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id87874_1e5919-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id87874_1e5919-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id87874_1e5919-b8 alignfull kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_610e3d-c6 animated fadeInLeft slow\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-271e0ccfba44340ed987ba77d29a81a9\">Subscriu-te a la nostra newsletter per rebre totes les verificacions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a24ca5d78efb846e90e2e2487600a8d6 wp-block-paragraph\">A m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, us proporcionem cada dues setmanes tots els nostres continguts de fact-checking, aix\u00ed com consells per identificar la desinformaci\u00f3 i evitar-ne la propagaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column87874_e5714f-d5 animated fadeIn delay-500ms slow\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><script>(function() {\n\twindow.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || {\n\t\tlisteners: [],\n\t\tforms: {\n\t\t\ton: function(evt, cb) {\n\t\t\t\twindow.mc4wp.listeners.push(\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tevent   : evt,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcallback: cb\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n})();\n<\/script><!-- Mailchimp for WordPress v4.13.1 - https:\/\/wordpress.org\/plugins\/mailchimp-for-wp\/ --><form 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